No Doubts Tragic Kingdom - Retrospective free essay sample

Tragic Kingdom was a massive record. The immense success of the album helped propel ska into the mainstream and paved the way for Orange County bands like Reel Big Fish and Save Ferris to make a splash in the music world. Even if Tragic Kingdom is hardly a full-on ska-punk album, the 90’s Orange County ska energy is still present, and the influence is clear. At the time of Tragic Kingdom’s release, No Doubt was a relatively unknown band that was nevertheless thriving in the Orange County ska scene. Their previous album, The Beacon Street Collection was a local success, and this was enough to get the attention of major record label, Interscope, who would fund Tragic Kingdom. Tragic Kingdom came at a time that No Doubt somewhat reinvented themselves. On their previous two albums, most songs were written by Eric Stefani, brother of Gwen Stefani, and had more of a ska-punk feel to them. We will write a custom essay sample on No Doubts Tragic Kingdom Retrospective or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Following his departure from the band, Gwen Stefani began writing her own material with a more poppy sound and this is what is featured on Tragic Kingdom. Listening to this album today, it definitely holds up with some killer tracks performed in No Doubt’s unique blend of musical styles. One of the first singles to come from Tragic Kingdom was the ska-influenced â€Å"Spiderwebs.† This song opens the album and immediately gives the listener a taste of the No Doubt sound that is to come. On this multifaceted song, there is a ska intro, a new-wave inspired verse, and a punky chorus. Those three genres define No Doubt’s musical style on Tragic Kingdom. This makes for unique, energetic songs. No Doubt, and specifically frontwoman Gwen Stefani, possessed a unique energy that helped ensure the band’s success. The energy displayed in the music is infectious and exciting and this is further exemplified in the band’s music videos and live performances. Stefani really gets into the music and the listener can’t help but have a great time. The unique No Doubt energy is most prevalent on the album’s lead single, â€Å"Just A Girl.† The funky guitar/keyboard intro sets the tone immediately and Stefani’s uniquely ironic vocal style fits the subject matter perfectly. The song was a massive success that helped drive sales of Tragic Kingdom. The accompanying music video helps establish Gwen Stefani as a 90’s icon, showcasing her and the band’s frantic punk-inspired energy. Judging by Spotify listens, â€Å"Don’t Speak† is No Doubt’s most popular song. This is very interesting, as it is definitely an outlier on Tragic Kingdom. â€Å"Don’t Speak† is a slow ballad that is very different from the frantic ska energy found on most other songs. While listening to Tragic Kingdom in full, â€Å"Don’t Speak† actually offers a nice little break from the constant energy found on the rest of the album. â€Å"Don’t Speak† immediately follows â€Å"Sunday Morning,† one of the most upbeat and exciting songs on the album. â€Å"Don’t Speak† is a unique song for No Doubt, but it works. It’s still catchy but the lyrics just carry a little bit more weight when delivered in this more serious tone. Tragic Kingdom was a hugely impactful album in the 1990’s music scene. Singles like â€Å"Sunday Morning† and â€Å"Spiderwebs† helped catapult ska music back into the mainstream, while hit songs like â€Å"Just A Girl† and â€Å"Don’t Speak† helped establish No Doubt as an iconic band to come out of Orange County, California. Tragic Kingdom is a very important and wonderful album featuring No Doubt’s unique sound and palpable energy.

History of Portugal - Overview

History of Portugal - Overview Location of Portugal Portugal is located in the far west of Europe, on the Iberian Peninsular. It is bounded by Spain to the north and east, and the Atlantic Ocean to the south and west. Historical Summary of Portugal The country of Portugal emerged in the tenth century during the Christian reconquest of the Iberian Peninsula: first as a region under the control of the Counts of Portugal and then, in the mid-twelfth century, as a kingdom under King Afonso I. The throne then went through a turbulent time, with several rebellions. During the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries overseas exploration and conquest in Africa, South America and India won the nation a rich empire. In 1580 a succession crisis led to a successful invasion by the King of Spain and Spanish rule, beginning an era known to opponents as the Spanish Captivity, but a successful rebellion in 1640 led to independence once more. Portugal fought alongside Britain in the Napoleonic Wars, whose political fallout led to a son of the King of Portugal becoming Emperor of Brazil; a decline in imperial power followed. The nineteenth century saw civil war, before a Republic was declared in 1910. However, in 1926 a military coup led to generals ruling until 1933, when a Professor called Salazar took over, ruling in an authoritarian manner. His retirement through illness was followed a few years later by a further coup, the declaration of the Third Republic and independence for African colonies. Key People from the History of Portugal Afonso HenriqueThe son of the Count of Portugal, Afonso Henrique was the rallying point for Portuguese nobles who feared losing their power to rival Galicians. Afonso won either a battle or a tournament and successfully expelled his mother, who was styled as Queen, and by 1140 was calling himself King of Portugal. He worked to establish his position, and by 1179 had persuaded the Pope to recognise him as king.Dom DinisNicknamed the farmer, Dinis is often the most highly regarded of the Burgundian dynasty, for he began the creation of a formal navy, founded the first university in Lisbon, promoted culture, founded one of the first insurance institutions for merchants and broadened trade. However, tensions grew among his nobles and he lost the Battle of Santarà ©m to his son, who took the crown as King Afonso IV.Antà ³nio SalazarA Professor of Political Economy, Salazar was invited in 1928 by Portugal’s military dictatorship to join the government and resolve a financial crisi s. In 1933 he was promoted to Prime Minister, and he ruled – if not as a dictator (though an argument can be made that he was), then certainly as a repressive, anti-parliamentary authoritarian, until illness forced him to retire in 1974. Rulers of Portugal

Improvment of the profit margin and sustainability of an organization Assignment

Improvment of the profit margin and sustainability of an organization - Assignment Example In order to improve the profit margin and sustainability of an organization,operating in this tough competitive age,the most essential requirement is recruitment of an experienced and talented leader A leader is a person who might work as a catalyst, in enhancing and controlling the human resources of the organization in an effective way. This is because; the human resource is the prime requirement of any organization operating in any segment and in any region. As human resource are mainly responsible, for the fulfilment of the future goals and objectives of the organization in the market among others. However, it might be possible only if the leader may act tactfully and motivate the employees towards work in order to improve the productivity and image of the organization in the entire market, in-spite of varied types of changes. Only then, the image and profit margin of the organization might get enhanced in the market among other rival players. Moreover, if the changes might be ha ndled in an effective way then the popularity and equity of the organization may be enhanced thereby amplifying its competitiveness in the market to a certain extent in long run among others. Thus, it might be depicted that, leader act as the backbone of the organization that may not only improve the efficiency and capability of the employees but also cope-up with varied types of changes. This essay is mainly divided into five phases that mainly highlights the significance of leadership within an organization. Along with this, it also highlights the role of leadership within a change management situation with the help of models like Kotters 8 steps, Lewin’s change management model. Discussion Evaluation of Change Management and Leadership with models In order to survive in this competitive era, leadership is the most essential requirement. As it acts as a weapon not only stimulate the profit margin and productivity of an organization but also to mitigate varied types of chall enges or changes in an effective way. Change management is described as a systematic procedure to deal or tackle varied types of changes or alterations in a successful manner. Moreover, it might also described as an approach that might be handled by implementing varied types of technologies, strategies and procedures so as to mitigate it effectively within the organization. Only then, the productivity and efficiency of the organization might get enhanced thereby amplifying the image and reputation in the market among other rival players. Apart from this, if the changes might be adapted successfully within the organization, only then, the inner morale and confidence of the employees might get enhanced with a significant extent as compared to others. This might help in improvement of their level of performance and efficiency within the organization thereby amplifying the level of retention. It is extremely essential for any organization operating in this competitive age among many oth er rival players. This is because, the experienced employees are the gems of the organization and they might offer varied types of ideas and suggestions in order to implement the changes in an effective way. Such a situation is also seen within the organization, Biogen Idec Incorporated, at the time of restructuring or reassessment of the business strategies. As a result of which, maximum extent of the employees had to cope up with the procedure of reallocation of their job responsibilities as well as outplacement. Due to which, the relationship within the higher authorities and the employees is fading day by day resulting in amplification of the chances of conflicts and miss-confusions. Not only this, the motivation and dedication of the employees of Biogen Idec is also reducing as their roles and

Read 2 article and write about society, deception, with mal fromat Essay

Read 2 article and write about society, deception, with mal fromat - Essay Example Mairs, who is a self described â€Å"cripple† relates to her experience of shame and defiance with ability politics in her life. Both of these authors show very different ways of dealing with their society, a society they find treats them unjustly. Williams essentially refutes and fights against her society, opting out of it as a way of countering it, while Mairs uses her own society’s tools against it, co-opting its language and mechanisms in an effort to make room for herself in it. Williams lives in a society that â€Å"respects authority† to a fault (Williams). They found it impossible to fight against the federal government of the United States for dropping bombs upwind of where they live – they did attempt to make a law suit, but not to be â€Å"against the government† but only to help ensure similar things would not happen in the future (Williams). She grew incredibly frustrated by this style of acting, and decided that it was important to fight against injustice, against authority, even if it meant giving up who she was. She found a way of fighting through leaving, through flanking. She reverted to her roots of Native American heritage, using it to attack the principles of land-hatred and disregard that had so plagued her family. She shows a method of pushing against a society from the outside. Mairs takes a highly different approach. She sees herself as part of society, and uses the society she lives in to attack it, and push on it, in a different way. She calls herself a â€Å"cripple,† a word that she finds appealing because it is â€Å"straightforward† and â€Å"honest† (Mairs). She uses this language to bluntly point out to society how they see her – not giving them the recourse of equally derogatory words (once critically examined) like disabled or handicapped. Thus Mairs is able to confront society with its own vision of herself, and make society face it – this is

Discuss the impact of the USA's economy crisis on one or more Essay

Discuss the impact of the USA's economy crisis on one or more countries around the world. You may use USA as one country, but select at least one other - Essay Example Randall Filer, a professor of economics at Hunter College and the Graduate Center of the City University of New York, stated that the financial competitiveness of some developed countries might increase despite the US economy crisis. In Martin Savidge’s newscast, WORLDFOCUS, Randall Filer specifically named Frankfurt and London as those that might benefit from the crisis. Financial contagion is a situation in which a faltering economy in one country causes otherwise healthy economies in other countries to have problems (â€Å"Financial Contagion†). A study on the financial contagion effects of the US subprime crisis on developed countries, by Horta, Mendes and Vieira, confirmed Randal Filer’s predictions (26). They found out that the financial markets in Canada, Japan, Italy, France and the UK present significant levels of contagion; as opposed to the German and Portuguese insignificant market levels of contagion (Horta et al. 26). The findings suggest the increasing dependence towards the US market, even for developed countries. The countries of the Third World can be divided into three groups: those developing rapidly, those developing moderately, and those whose economies are not developing at all (Epping 116). Those that are rapidly developing are called Newly Industrialized Countries (NICs), which include Brazil, Argentina, Hong Kong, Israel, Mexico, Singapore, South Africa, South Korea, and Taiwan. The moderately developing nations compose the bulk of the Third World. The most populous of this group are India, China, Indonesia and Malaysia. And finally, the group that does not develop at all includes those countries found in sub-Sahara Africa. These countries have so few resources and so little money that development is almost impossible. Developing countries borrow money to build new infrastructures and industries in hopes of producing enough exports to pay back

Exploratory Study of Kopitiam Business

Exploratory Study of Kopitiam Business A new breed of kopitiam (a coffee shop in local Chinese dialects) has gained popularity in Malaysia during the past few years. In fact, there are no less than a hundred different brands of kopitiam which can be found everywhere in Malaysia with little or no differentiation. In such saturated market, lowering the prices has become common strategy to attract customers, consequently, kopitiam business has been caught up in price wars and competing under the shrinking profit margin. Thus, it leads the business with nothing but bloody red oceans. However, there are limited studies in business strategies in kopitiam businesses. Therefore, this paper aims to bridge the gap by discusses a conceptual strategy approach, particularly, Blue-ocean strategy (BOS) in kopitiam businesses. Keywords: Kopitiam, Differentiation, Red Oceans, Blue-ocean strategy. 1.0 Introduction A new breed of kopitiam (a coffee shop in local Chinese dialects) has gained popularity in Malaysia during the past few years. However, the literature review suggests limited research attempts have been made in kopitiams business strategies. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to bridge the gap and it presented in four parts. The first part begins by reviewing the history of kopitiam in Malaysia. Following this, the second section reviews the new breed of kopitiam business in Malaysia. Lastly, the last two parts discusses the conceptual approach, Blue-ocean strategy in kopitiam and its untapped market respectively. 2.0 The History of Kopitiam 2.1 The Migration In nineteenth and twentieth century, British Imperialism had brought in diverse of people, mainly from China, India and Malay Archipelago. According to Kaur (2004), the growing economic opportunities in the region such as mineral and agricultural expansion were the pull factors to Southeast Asia during that time. In the colonial era of Malaya (before independent), British had introduced the practice of segregating economic activity along with racial lines such as Chinese migrant workers to work in the tin mines, Indian migrant workers to work in the rubber plantations and Malay Archipelago to work in the agriculture fields (Arif Abubakar, 2005). 2.2 The Hainanese Factor In 1900s, the main Chinese dialects groups in Malaya are Hokkien, Cantonese, Hakka, Teochew and Hainanese. According to Lai (2010) among the Chinese dialect groups, Hainanese were the late comers and the minority of migrant group. Due to the scarcity of job during that time, the other dialect groups would take any job offered or opportunity available. They became rubber tappers, seamen, cooks and just name to it a few. Most of them worked for the Europeans. In late of 1930s, Hainanese, individually or partnership, offers their personal skills such as culinary, service, housekeeping, and management skills which they learned from European households. They started to set up new concept of kopitiam (meaning coffee shop in local Chinese dialects) and involved in food and beverage related industries like coffee processing and food catering during that time. The growth fastiqium period for Hainanese distinct kopitiam were in the late 1920s to 1950s. Hainanese coffee merchants and kopitiam operators had developed their special method to roast the coffee beans and brewed the coffee (Lai, 2010). Some of them have their secret/special recipes which served as the key attractions to retain customers. In 1960s, the success of the kopitiam business had led the newcomers from other dialect groups to venture into this business. Subsequently, competition became more intense. 2.3 The Evolutions of Kopitiam Conventional Kopitiam, the basic formula was an outlet and simple menus. They served local coffee, toasted bread with margarine and kaya (a type of jam made of coconuts and eggs), half-boiled eggs and some traditional pastries. Prices were relatively cheap with a cup of coffee and other food charged which everyone could afford. In the past, the kopitiam sole proprietor dressed his white sweatshirt and stripped pajama pants making coffee. The kopitiam was a place as social centre where men could indulge eating, meeting, drinking and chatting on anything that came to mind, light or seriously in what had become known as coffee shop talk (Lai, 2010). Normally, it would be located in strategic location of the main street, village or neighborhood. According to Lai (2010), as populations grew rapidly, some of the kopitiam expanded into modest-sized eating shops in the more strategic location nearer to the towns, village, neighborhood or others. Proprietors sell both drinks and foods or solely drinks and rented out stall space to other food operators. It was the place that customers enjoyed their breakfast, lunch and dinner. Their target customers were industrial personnel, laborers, and residents. This kind of kopitiam set up remains until today. In the late twentieth century, new breed of kopitiam chains which trade on both modernized and nostalgia approach, started to emerge. The outlets are designed with old posters feature, vintage antiques and furniture to evoke a 1960s atmosphere (Euromonitor International, 2010). In the past few years, the popularity of new breed of kopitiam has begun in Malaysia. This brand new kopitiam emphasize eating experiences by offering value-added services like free Wi-Fi access, air-conditional environment and offered innovative breakfast and lunch set-meals and more choices on the menu to fulfill every level of consumers (Euromonitor International, 2009). To remain competitive, aggressive marketing strategies and management systems are implemented. They innovate and improve their kitchens technology for preparing foods and beverages (Lai, 2010). As such, kopitiam has gained the favour of young consumers to hang out at these outlets. 3.0 An Overview of New Breed Kopitiam in Malaysia Local food beverages (FB) face some challenges which are beyond the issue of rising cost of raw materials and shortage of workers but the scene with intense competition among the food service operators. This was mainly due to the low entry barriers and switching costs of buyers/suppliers. According to Selamat et. al. (2003), the entire Malaysia food industries make up from the total of 172,252 units of food service entities which consist of food stalls/kiosk and restaurant. In the new concept of kopitiam alone, there are more than 100 brands of new concept kopitiam in the market today. Statistically, the percentage of units/outlets growth in both independent and chained kopitiam accounted for 9.1 percent and 16.1 percent in 2008 respectively (Euromonitor International, 2009). Generally, the new breed of kopitiam entering the market by integrating the old fashioned of traditional kopitiam in a more trendy, hygenic, and air-conditioned environment. No doubt that the movement of these kopitiam has successfully created a new wave of eating experiences in Malaysia. However, there is little or no differentiation against one another in terms of (1) product offerings (i.e., coffee, bread toast, and other local authentic foods) are nearly the same from one outlet to another regardless of the brand; (2) targeting the same group of consumers, for example, professionals, managers, executives, and business owners; (3) physical environment such as decoration was found to be the same among these outlets. Today, marketing tasks has become complicated and more challenging than ever. Businesses today are competing in fragmentation, saturation, and storm of novelty that exist every day in the market. In fact, when the industry become more intense, businesses will continuously increase their market share by identifying and creating niche market (Kotler Tiras De Bes, 2003); strive to retain and develop existing customers (Kim Mauborgne, 2005) which would result in finer segmentation. Thus, it ends-up creating too-small target market. Besides, the increase of commoditization of products and services leads consumer hardly to differentiate their product offerings. As a solution, reducing prices has become the common competitive strategy for kopitiam businesses as competition intensifies. According to Euromonitor International (2009) found that prices of offering items in cafes/bars (including kopitiam) will likely drop gradually. Thus, promotions such as value set breakfast and lunch with lower price can be easily found in these outlets. Commonly, we found that lowering the prices with the purpose to beat competitors, but, it is often not a wise strategy in business like kopitiam as every player can do the exactly same thing. Trout Rivkin (2000) illustrated that price is always the enemy of differentiation. Consequently, the above mentioned scenario will lead the business with nothing but a bloody red ocean. Red oceans stand for the industries that are around today. In the red ocean, the rules of the game are known as it had been around for ages. Thus, businesses tend to compete to get a bigger chunk of the pie. When this happens, the market space becomes smaller, resulting to a drain in profit and growth. As this prolongs, the stiff rivalry among the companies would turn to be a bloody red ocean (Kim Mauborgne, 2005). 4.0 Swimming towards Blue Oceans Kotler Tiras De Bes (2003) described the current market is not the same as compare to 1960s and 1970s. Typically, product is designed to fulfill consumer needs; however, consumer needs are hypersatisfied today. Kim and Mauborgne (2005) pointed that business strategies and management of the 20th century are becoming extinct as the business evolves in an industry that is changing to be a shade of red, the management has to be on its feet to think on how to make it ocean blue. Generally, blue oceans denote the new market space, new creation, and high probability for growth. Most of the blue oceans created within known markets but there are a few that are completely new industries rivalry among companies are not predominant in the blue ocean as there are no known rules to follow. Indeed, Kim Mauborgne (2005) describes the future of a company depends on how the management can create and use this new strategy. Besides, both authors indicate that 86 percent of launched business (improvement within an existing red-ocean market) which accounted 62 percent of total revenue and only 39 percent of total margins. On the other hand, the remaining of 14 percent launched businesses was in blue oceans (non-competing market space) which accounted to 38 percent of the total revenues and 61 percent of total profits. Apparently, the benefits of creating blue oceans are more promising. As more and more kopitiam will be trapped into red bloody oceans in this saturated market, hence, blue-ocean strategy is significant for the industry. Unfortunately, blue-ocean strategy is literally new to Malaysias businesses. Even though, many CEOs are aware of the existence of blue-ocean strategy but they have yet to fully understand and adopt the strategy to their businesses (as cited in Yap and Ang, 2007). Most recently, an interview session with Kotler on Getting savvy in newer media, narrated: They [Asian marketing professionals] need to improve their strategic capabilities with Blue Ocean thinking and Lateral Marketingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.Companies that employ Blue-ocean strategy use innovation to find uncontested blue oceans of opportunities that their competitors have yet to discover, while lateral marketing requires companies to look beyond narrow, vertical segmentation and be creative to create fresh ideas and new markets. In response to such market, Kim Mauborgne (2005) provides set of analytical tools and framework in creating blue oceans. For example, both authors urge businesses to take a reverse course from focusing on existing customers to focus on noncustomers. By doing this, businesses are able to exploits new market space that never existed before. Air Asia, for example, a successful Malaysia low-cost airline that had identified a Blue Ocean to unlock the unaddressed market space by focusing on non-customers (i.e., the masses that cannot afford the expensive flight tickets and government employees) instead of customers (i.e., corporate and customers who can afford to buy expensive tickets) to avoid head on competition with Malaysia Airline (MAS) and other regional airlines (Lau, 2007). 5.0 The Untapped Market Knowing the nature of ones market is significant to business success. As such, the changes of cultural, social, personal, and psychological factors cannot simply be ignored in the fast-changing market. Friedman (2008) pinpoints that the world is heading to a new era called Energy-Climate Era whereas the world is currently facing three pitfalls namely, global warming, flattening, and crowding that affect all of us today. Hence, not surprisingly that sustainability has become a buzzword and being discussed by people from all walks of life. Even though, the sustainable practices are still hotly debated by both scholars and practitioners, but, this is a fundamental shift in how companies should function in this era. In fact, the contemporary environmental issue provides businesses the greatest prospect for return on investment and growth that never existed before (Friedman, 2008). However, going green is far more complicated than what we think. Numerous studies found that the main force for businesses being sustainable was mainly driven by legislation, marketing, and values (Gummerson, 1994). Typically, Malaysia is one of them from launching No-Plastic Day to stem duty exemption for green buildings and New Economic Model (NEM) that emphasize on economic growth and environment. No doubt, sustainable practices are still new to Malaysia, but, these new policies are important as a head start for Malaysia. As a result, several industries such as telecommunications, plantation, and real estate are taking different steps to balance between their business growth and sustainability. Unfortunately, sustainable practices with the initiatives to reduce food waste, water consumption, and energy consumption are literally new to the local FB industry. Revell Blackburn (2005) found that sustainability practices are considered as low priority because restaurateurs foresee their impact towards environment as insignificant. Besides, numerous studies found that low awareness of the environmental impact as one of the barriers to change (Hillary, 1995; Holland Gibbon 1997; Rutherfoorrd et. al. 2000). According to Consumer Association of Penang (2009), Malaysia restaurants discards more than 10 tons of left-over food daily with a total 490 tons carbon dioxide produced annually per restaurant. Even so, many restaurateurs have the attitude of wait and see on the environmental issues because they foresee the impact has yet to affect their business. Parsa et. al. (2005) denotes that inability to understand, anticipates, and adapt to the current market trend often lead to restaurant failures. As environmentally sustainable practices are important to todays consumers, hence, local FB industry such as kopitiam should take advantage of the opportunities by creating a win-win situation between the growth of business and sustainability of environment. Friedman (2008) indicates that, green is going from boutique to better, from a choice to a necessity, from a fad to strategy to win, from insoluble problem to great opportunity. Beside, Jogaratnam et. al. (1999) urges that restaurateurs should incorporate their business by adapting to the environmental changes and find ways to link with, respond to, integrate with, or exploit environmental opportunities. In summary, there is totally an untapped market from conventional kopitiam to sustainable or green kopitiam that emphasize on both growth and sustainability. 6.0 Conclusion There is a paradigm shift from traditional kopitiam to new concept kopitiam. The shifting has gained popularity among young generation, thus, more and more entrepreneurs venture into the business. Consequently, the business become intense and eventually turns the kopitiam business into red oceans. As such, businesses should take advantage of the blue open sea. Make itself impossible to be the target, isolate from possible followers at the same time lead them far away. The goal is to make the ocean theirs and prevent other competitors from invading it. Even so, in the long run there may be competitors that follow the same strategies making the pristine blue ocean red. The company would have to distance itself from the followers by changing their game plan to create another blue ocean.

How the Media Affects the Self Esteem and Body Image of Young Girls Ess

The misconception of what is beautiful can be detrimental to young girls. In a television industry attempt to sell goods, they are depicted as sexy. Creating a need for parents to intervene and present a more realistic and normal view of physical beauty. Today, TV presents sexually based images crafted to appeal to young girls. Unfortunately, they are led to believe that their value is only skin deep, causing flawed expectations, illusions, and wrong information about the truth of the physical body in the real world. In an attempt to look the part some have fallen victim to eating disorders, while others have exchanged childhood innocence for an Adult view of what is sexy. When girls are disheartened over their inability to look like some media idol or doll, then it is time to pay attention and ask why. Psychologist Levine and Kilbourne, emphasize a need to stay more connected, and finding out why children feel they have to compete with the images of people they see in the media (So Sexy So Soon 27). The idea of looking sexy may be fine for adults, but the notion of sexy little girls is somehow disturbing. TV is setting the agenda and succeeding as it paints the perfect girl, as tall, skinny, tan, pretty, and rich. TV commercials sell sexy because sexy sells, and is now targeting younger audiences. A preteen viewing a Bratz Dolls commercial will be prompted to visit their web site, where she will be greeted with attractive dolls dressed in sexy outfits. The dolls portray an image of teenage girls with large attractive eyes, lush glossy lips, and dressed in the latest fashion. Psychologists Lamb and Brown make the following observation â€Å"Dressing for fashion a’la Barbie or Lil’ Bratz dolls and dressing for physical ... ...ldren is the objective. All commerce works on supply and demand if consumers continue to buy into selling sexy to kids, then these negative outcomes will continue. Works Cited Crow, Scott J. et al. "Increased mortality in bulimia nervosa and other eating disorders." American Journal of Psychiatry. 166. 12. (2009): 1342+. General OneFile. Web. 25 Nov. 2010. Hibberd, James "Tuned-in kids get turned on earlier; study links adult-aimed TV to sex at younger age." Hollywood Reporter 409.35 (2009): 6+. General OneFile. Web. 4 Nov. 2010. Lamb, Sharon, Lyn Mikel Brown. Packaging Girlhood. â€Å"Rescuing Our Daughters From Marketers’ Schemes.† New York. St Martin’s Press, 2006: 303. Print. Levine, Diane E, Jean Kilbourne. So Sexy So Soon. Ballantine Books, 2009: 209. Print. "Did You Know That?" Skipping Stones. May-Aug. 2009: 29. General OneFile. Web. 4 Nov. 2010.